PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of the Pamirs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian										MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
											Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
												MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean										MN 15	3.6
												MN 14	4.2
							Hemphillian					MN 14	4.7
												MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian										MN 12	7.246
												MN 11	7.75
											Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
							Clarendonian					MN 10	9.4
												MN 9	9.7
												MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Astaracian		11.63
							Barstovian						12.5
												MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian										MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian									Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
							Hemingfordian					MN 4	16.3
							Hemingfordian					MN 3	16.9
							Arikareean					MN 3	18.5
											Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian										MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian										MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
							Whitneyan						29.5
							Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian						47.8
							Wasatchian						50.5
							Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian					Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6										83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4										100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3										113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2										121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Kathwai	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian		251.902
								252.4 *
				Chhidru				252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru		Dzhulfian		254.14
				Kalabagh				255 *
				Wargal				256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller	Midian		259.51
		Wordian			Leine			264.28
								265.3 *
				Amb				266.1 *
						Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				St Davids			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				Caerfai			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
													538.8