PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian									MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian									MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean									MN 15	3.6
											MN 14	4.2
											MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian									MN 12	7.246
											MN 11	7.75
											MN 10	8.7
											MN 9	9.7
											MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian									MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian									MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian									MN 4	15.98
											MN 3	16.9
											MN 2	20
		Aquitanian									MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian									MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3									37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1									56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8							Senonian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							Gallic		100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2							Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan					150
							Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian		Warepan	208.5
				Otamitan	217
				Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Dzhulfian	254.14
					Puruhauan			254.2
					Puruhauan			Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Ohre/Aller	Midian	Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian		Leine			Flettian		Urzhumian			264.28
							Barettian					266
					Murgabian							266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3					Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3					Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kubergandian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
							Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian			276
									Filipovian		276.5 *
					Bolorian				Filipovian		279.8
									Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
							Telfordian		Sarginian		285
									Irginian		285.9 *
					Yakhtashian				Irginian		286
									Burtsevian		287.8 *
									Burtsevian		288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
									Uskalykian		294.8
									Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5								298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5								303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3								323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2								330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1							529
												538.8