PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6								Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene									Tarantian		0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene									Ionian		0.129
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						Castlecliffian			Ionian		0.34
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan				MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian				MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene						Mangapanian				MN 16	2.58
												Waipipian				MN 16	3
																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene											3.6
												Opoitian					3.7
																MN 14	4.2
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene					Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian			Pannonian											MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
																MN 10	8.7
																MN 9	9.7
											Southland	Waiauan				MN 9	11.04
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Sarmatian	Middle Miocene										MN 7 + 8	11.63
					Badenian											MN 6	12.8 *
					Badenian							Lillburnian				MN 6	13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian				MN 5	13.82
												Clifdenian					15.1
											Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene										MN 4	15.98
																MN 3	16.9
												Otaian				MN 3	18.7
																MN 2	20
		Aquitanian															20.44
											Landon	Waitakian					21.7
																MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Late Oligocene											23.03
												Duntroonian					25.2
												Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Late Eocene											33.9
											Arnold	Runangan					34.6
												Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene						Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									Bortonian					41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
												Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian				Early Eocene						Heretaungan					47.8
												Mangaorapan					48.9
												Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Late Paleocene						Teurian					56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7									Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6									Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
												Mangaotanean					90.5
												Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	93.9								Arowhanan
				Clarence			Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai			Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan	150
									Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2						Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2						Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1							192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		Balfour			Otapirian	201.4
		Norian						Warepan	208.5
								Otamitan	217
								Oretian	221
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Oretian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Gore			Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian						Etalian	238
		Anisian						Etalian	242
		Anisian						Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					Malakovian	Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian		249
		Induan						Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan			Kathwai			DUrville		Makarewan	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Kathwai						251.902
											252.4 *
					Chhidru						252.9 *
										Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Waiitian	254.14
										Puruhauan	254.2
					Kalabagh						255 *
					Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
											265.3 *
										Barettian	266
					Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			270.7 *		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian		283.5
								Telfordian		285
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				West Fallsian/Sonyean			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Southwoodian			Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Kosovian	443.8
		Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian								Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5											485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3											509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
																	538.8