PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of Siberia			Devonian Subages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ordovician of China			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																				0
		Northgrippian																					0.0042
		Greenlandian																					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																					0.0117
		Chibanian																					0.129
		Calabrian																					0.774
		Gelasian																					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian						Pannonian															7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Sarmatian															11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian															12.8 *
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																				33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																				37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																				41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																				56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8																				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7																				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																				83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																				100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																				113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6										Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5										Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan									150
														Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Callovian												Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Toarcian											Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4										Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian												Warepan									208.5
														Otamitan									217
														Oretian									221
		Carnian	Triassic 3											Oretian									227
		Carnian	Triassic 3										Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian												Etalian									238
		Anisian												Etalian									242
		Anisian												Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Vokhmian										Malakovian									247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Late Famennian		358.9
							Middle Famennian		365.3 *
							Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4				Late Frasnian		372.2
							Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
							Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2				Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1				Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian		410.8
							Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Cayugan			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
							Cayugan				Bringewood/Elton	421.3
							Niagaran				Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian									Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian									Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian								Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1									Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian											436.3 *
		Aeronian											438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
							Medinan					Clinton		440.1 *
														440.7 *
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5											Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian												Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
														Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Kralodvorian		449.5
																	Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4																453
																			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
																		Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
																	Dobrotivian				458.5 *
																	Oretanian				459.7 *
																		Sarka †			461.7 *
															Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2											Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian												Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian												Yiyangian			Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1											Xinchangian			Tremadocian				477.7
				Lianghekou †												477.9 *
				Lianghekou †												Mansian †					483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Batyrbaian										Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian							485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian																		489.5
				Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian			494
		Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian										497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian										499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Amgan/Solvan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan										509
				Toyonian	Lenian †									510 *
				Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Botomian				514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian				521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
																							538.8