PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Germany	Cenozoic Subepochs	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene				Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene				Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene				Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian					Late Pliocene				Waipipian			3
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene				Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene				Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene			Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Middle Miocene				Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian			13.82
											Clifdenian			15.1
										Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene				Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Late Oligocene				Waitakian			23.03
											Duntroonian			25.2
											Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Late Eocene							33.9
										Arnold	Runangan			34.6
											Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene				Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Bortonian			41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
											Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian					Early Eocene				Heretaungan			47.8
											Mangaorapan			48.9
											Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Late Paleocene				Teurian			56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
											Mangaotanean			90.5
											Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
											Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					Late Albian			Motuan			100.5
								Late Albian			Urutawan			103.3
								Middle Albian			Urutawan			106.2 *
								Middle Albian		Taitai	Korangan			108.4
								Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Late Aptian						113
								Late Aptian						117.5
								Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian				174.7
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Vokhmian				Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian	251.2
		Induan						Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Emsian		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian					Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Cincinnatian	Gamachian			443.8
		Katian					Gamachian			445.2
							Richmondian			446 *
							Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian				450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Chatfieldian				453
							Turinian				453.7 *
						Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2									467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Tulean						477.7
							Stairsian						480.3 *
							Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Skullrockian						485.4
		Stage 10											487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4										497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3										509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
														538.8