PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Pamirs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian											0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean											2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean											3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean											4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian											11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Tunggurian											11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian											13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian											15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan											16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan							150
									Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2						Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2						Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1													192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian							Warepan							208.5
									Otamitan							217
									Oretian							221
		Carnian	Triassic 3						Oretian							227
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2						Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian							Etalian							238
		Anisian							Etalian							242
		Anisian		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian					Flettian	264.28
							Barettian	266
				Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Kubergandian				273.01
				Kubergandian			Mangapirian	276
				Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian						283.5
					Telfordian		285
				Yakhtashian	Telfordian		286
				Yakhtashian			288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian			293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian									Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2								Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Late Cambrian				485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Middle Cambrian				497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4												500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								Early Cambrian				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1												529
																538.8