PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4					Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3					Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2					Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8														66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7														72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6														83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4														100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6														145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5														149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4														165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4														168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3														174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2														184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1														192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4														201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4														208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Dorashamian		Melekhovian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian													259.51
		Wordian															264.28
						Noginskian											264.9 *
				Murgabian													266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Murgabian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Kubergandian													273.01
				Kubergandian		Pavlovoposadian											276.8 *
				Bolorian													279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
				Yakhtashian	286
				Yakhtashian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian		303.7
					Khamovnikian		304.8
					Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Podolskian		308.9 *
					Kashirian		311.4 *
					Vereian		313.8
					Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Cheremshanian		316.9 *
					Prikamian		318.6 *
					Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
					Protvian		324.4 *
					Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian		335.8 *
					Bobrikian		339.9 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
					Kizelian		350.7 *
					Cherepetian		351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3									458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Datsonian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
				Payntonian				486.8 *
				Payntonian				Sunwaptan								487.5
		Jiangshanian		Iverian												489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
								Steptoean								493 *
		Paibian		Idamean												494
		Paibian		Idamean											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Mindyallan				Marjumian				Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
				Boomerangian									Ayusokkanian			499
				Boomerangian									Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian		Undillan												500.5
		Drumian		Floran												503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Templetonian				Topazan					Amgan/Solvan			504.5
				Templetonian				Delamaran								506.5
				Ordian												507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Waucoban †				509
													Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
																510.8 *
								Dyeran								511 *
													Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
								Montezuman								514.8 *
								Montezuman					Atdabanian			515.6 *
								Begadean					Atdabanian			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian			521
		Stage 2											Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1										Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
																	538.8