PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian								3
		Zanclean					Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian								13.82
							Clifdenian								15.1
						Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Waitakian								23.03
							Duntroonian								25.2
							Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												33.9
						Arnold	Runangan								34.6
							Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Bortonian								41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
							Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan								47.8
							Mangaorapan								48.9
							Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Teurian								56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8			Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7				Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
							Mangaotanean								90.5
							Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5				Arowhanan								93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
							Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Motuan								100.5
							Urutawan								103.3
						Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Korangan								113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
		Induan			251.2
		Induan			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Kathwai	251.902
						252.4 *
					Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian			Chhidru	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
						Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian	264.28
									265.3 *
					Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3		Amb	Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3		Sokian	Kazanian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
						Filipovian			276.5 *
						Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
						Irginian			285.9 *
						Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1		Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
						Uskalykian			294.8
						Surenian			297.5
						Surenian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
									Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
									Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian				322 *
							Chokierian				323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Chokierian			Late Mississippian	323.2
							Arnsbergian				324 *
							Pendleian				327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian			Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
							Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
							Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian			Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian			Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian			456.8 *	Longvillian †
								Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
								Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
															538.8