PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian Epochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Units	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian													MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Villanyian	MN 16	2.58
														Ruscinian	MN 16	3.1 *
															MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													MN 15	3.6
															MN 14	4.2
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												Turolian	MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
														Vallesian	MN 10	8.7
															MN 9	9.7
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											Astaracian	MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian													MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian													MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian												Orleanian	MN 4	15.98
														Orleanian	MN 3	16.9
														Agenian	MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6													83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4													100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3													113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1													132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6													145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5													149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4													165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4													168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3													174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2													184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1													192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4													201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4													208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Dorashamian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian		Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian		Midian	264.28
		Wordian		Urzhumian		Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3	Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian	273.01
					Filipovian	Kubergandian	276.5 *
					Filipovian	Bolorian	279.8
					Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Irginian	Yakhtashian	286
					Burtsevian	Yakhtashian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1	Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				Siegen		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				Gedinnine		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							Jaani	433.4
		Telychian								Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian								Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian								Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5								445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Late Cambrian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10											Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian											Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian											Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								Middle Cambrian	St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4											500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								Early Cambrian	Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1											529
																538.8