PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan			MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian			MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian		Mangapanian			MN 16	2.58
						Villanyian		Waipipian				3
						Ruscinian						3.1 *
											MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean										3.6
								Opoitian				3.7
											MN 14	4.2
											MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian									MN 12	7.246
											MN 11	7.75
						Vallesian					MN 10	8.7
											MN 9	9.7
							Southland	Waiauan			MN 9	11.04
											MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Astaracian					MN 7 + 8	11.63
											MN 6	12.8 *
								Lillburnian			MN 6	13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian			MN 5	13.82
								Clifdenian				15.1
							Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian					MN 4	15.98
											MN 3	16.9
								Otaian			MN 3	18.7
						Agenian					MN 2	20
		Aquitanian										20.44
							Landon	Waitakian				21.7
											MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4									23.03
								Duntroonian				25.2
								Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									33.9
							Arnold	Runangan				34.6
								Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Bortonian				41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
								Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan				47.8
								Mangaorapan				48.9
								Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Teurian				56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
								Mangaotanean				90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	Arowhanan			93.9
					Clarence		Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Late Albian			Motuan	100.5
				Late Albian			Urutawan	103.3
				Middle Albian			Urutawan	106.2 *
				Middle Albian	Taitai		Korangan	108.4
				Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian				113
				Late Aptian				117.5
				Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian				139.8
				Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
				Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian					174.7
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
				Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian					208.5
				Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			Late Pennsylvanian			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Keila			Idavere †	453
					Haljala				453.9
					Kukruse				456.4 *
					Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Uhaku				458.4
					Lasnamagi				458.9 *
					Aseri				460.4 *
					Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Hunneberg			477.7
							Varangu			481.3 *
							Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Pakerort			485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4							500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
												538.8