PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian					Middle Pleistocene		0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian					Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan						MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian						MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian					Late Pliocene	MN 16	2.58
							Waipipian						MN 16	3
													MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene		3.6
							Opoitian							3.7
													MN 14	4.2
													MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean					Late Miocene		5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian											MN 12	7.246
													MN 11	7.75
													MN 10	8.7
													MN 9	9.7
						Southland	Waiauan						MN 9	11.04
													MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5									Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8	11.63
													MN 6	12.8 *
							Lillburnian						MN 6	13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian						MN 5	13.82
							Clifdenian							15.1
						Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene	MN 4	15.98
													MN 3	16.9
							Otaian						MN 3	18.7
													MN 2	20
		Aquitanian												20.44
						Landon	Waitakian							21.7
													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene		23.03
							Duntroonian							25.2
							Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian								MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene		33.9
						Arnold	Runangan							34.6
							Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan			MP 16		Middle Eocene		37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian			MP 16				39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Bortonian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
							Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan			MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene		47.8
							Mangaorapan							48.9
							Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Teurian			MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
							Mangaotanean							90.5
							Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9		Arowhanan
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Late Albian		Motuan	100.5
				Late Albian		Urutawan	103.3
				Middle Albian		Urutawan	106.2 *
				Middle Albian	Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian			113
				Late Aptian			117.5
				Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian			139.8
				Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
				Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian				174.7
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					Melekhovian	Dorashamian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian				259.51
		Wordian											264.28
								Noginskian		264.9 *
									Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3						Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						Kubergandian	273.01
								Pavlovoposadian	Kubergandian	276.8 *
									Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian							Bolorian	283.5
									Yakhtashian	286
								Rusavkinian	Yakhtashian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian		303.7
								Khamovnikian		304.8
								Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					Myachkovian		307
								Podolskian		308.9 *
								Kashirian		311.4 *
								Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			Zapaltjubian		323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
														538.8