Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
  • M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsMesozoic SubagesCambrian of KazakhstanDevonian of GermanyNorth American Land Mammal AgesOrdovician of North AmericaPermian of the Salt RangeOrdovician of AustraliaEuropean Faunal UnitsPaleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 6Saintaugustinean0
Santarosean0.0004
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
Rancholabrean0.014
Chibanian0.129
Irvingtonian0.21
Calabrian0.774
Blancan1.4
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianVillanyian2.58
Ruscinian3.1 *
Zanclean3.6
Hemphillian4.7
MioceneMessinianTurolian5.333
Tortonian7.246
Vallesian8.7
Clarendonian9.4
SerravallianCenozoic 5Astaracian11.63
Barstovian12.5
Langhian13.82
BurdigalianOrleanian15.98
Hemingfordian16.3
Arikareean18.5
Agenian20
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 4TabenbulakianHsandagolian23.03
RupelianKekeamuan27.82
Whitneyan29.5
Orellan31.8
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 3ChadronianHouldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian33.9
Duchesnean37
BartonianSharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan37.71
Uintan39.7
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
Bridgerian46.2
YpresianBumbanian47.8
Wasatchian50.5
Clarkforkian54.9
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 1Gashatan56
Tiffanian56.2
Selandian59.2
Torrejonian60.9
Danian61.6
Puercan63.8
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtianCretaceous 8Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian66
CampanianCretaceous 7Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian72.1
SantonianCretaceous 6Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian83.6
ConiacianLate Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian86.3
TuronianLate Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian89.8
CenomanianCretaceous 5Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbianCretaceous 4Late Albian100.5
Middle Albian106.2 *
Early Albian109.9 *
AptianCretaceous 3Late Aptian113
Early Aptian119.5 *
BarremianCretaceous 2Late Barremian/Early Barremian121.4
HauterivianLate Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian125.77
ValanginianCretaceous 1Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian132.6
BerriasianLate Berriasian139.8
Middle Berriasian140.6 *
Early Berriasian142.7 *
JurassicLate JurassicTithonianJurassic 6Late TithonianMiddle Tithonian145
Early Tithonian146.3 *
KimmeridgianJurassic 5Late Kimmeridgian149.2
Early Kimmeridgian152.2 *
OxfordianLate OxfordianMiddle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian154.8
157.9 *
Middle JurassicCallovianLate Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian161.5
BathonianJurassic 4Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian165.3
BajocianLate Bajocian168.2
Early Bajocian168.6 *
AalenianJurassic 3Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcianLate Toarcian174.7
Middle Toarcian180.4 *
Early Toarcian182.9 *
PliensbachianJurassic 2Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian184.2
SinemurianJurassic 1Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian192.9
HettangianLate Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetianTriassic 4201.4
NorianSevatian208.5
Alaunian213.2 *
Lacian216.7 *
CarnianTriassic 3Tuvalian227
Julian233.4 *
Middle TriassicLadinianTriassic 2Longobardian237
Fassanian239.7 *
AnisianIllyrian242
Pelsonian243.8 *
Bithynian244.7 *
Aegean245.5 *
Early TriassicOlenekianTriassic 1Spathian247.2
Smithian248.9 *
InduanDienerian251.2
Griesbachian251.4 *
Kathwai251.5 *
PermianLopingianChanghsingianPermian 4251.902
252.4 *
Chhidru252.9 *
Wuchiapingian254.14
Kalabagh255 *
Wargal256 *
GuadalupianCapitanian259.51
Wordian264.28
265.3 *
Amb266.1 *
RoadianPermian 3266.9
270.7 *
CisuralianKungurianPermian 2273.01
Artinskian283.5
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianPermian 1293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelianCarboniferous 5298.9
Kasimovian303.7
MoscovianCarboniferous 4307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovianCarboniferous 3323.2
ViseanCarboniferous 2330.9
TournaisianCarboniferous 1346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennianDevonian 5Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden358.9
FrasnianDevonian 4Adorf372.2
Middle DevonianGivetianDevonian 3Givetian382.7
EifelianEifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsianDevonian 2Emsian393.3
PragianDevonian 1Siegen407.6
LochkovianGedinnine410.8
SilurianPridoliSilurian 2419.2
LudlowLudfordian423
Gorstian425.6
WenlockHomerian427.4
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianSilurian 1433.4
Aeronian438.5
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianOrdovician 5CincinnatianGamachianBolindian443.8
Katian445.2
Richmondian446 *
Eastonian449 *
MaysvillianRocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian449.8 *
Edenian450.4 *
MohawkianChatfieldian451.1 *
Gisbornian452 *
SandbianOrdovician 4453
Turinian453.7 *
WhiterockianCanadian †Chazyan †/Marmor457 *
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianOrdovician 3Darriwilian458.4
DapingianOrdovician 2Yapeenian467.3
Castlemainian468.5 *
Rangerian469.1 *
Early OrdovicianFloianIbexianBlackhillsianJeffersonian †Cassinian †Chewtonian470
Bendigonian471.8 *
Lancefieldian473.5 *
Tulean473.9 *
TremadocianOrdovician 1Ungurian477.7
Stairsian480.3 *
SkullrockianDemingian †482 *
Warendian482.8 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10Cambrian 5Batyrbaian485.4
487.5
Jiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
Paibian494
MiaolingianGuzhangianCambrian 4Ayusokkanian497
499.5
DrumianZhanaarykian500.5
Tuesaian503
WuliuanCambrian 3504.5
505.3
Series 2Stage 4509
Toyonian510 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
Atdabanian515.6 *
TerreneuvianStage 2Tommotian521
525.5
FortunianCambrian 1529
538.8