PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				European Faunal Zones	Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6													0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian								MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								MN 16						2.58
		Piacenzian								MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean								MN 15						3.6
										MN 14						4.2
										MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian								MN 12						7.246
										MN 11						7.75
										MN 10						8.7
										MN 9						9.7
										MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							MN 7 + 8						11.63
		Serravallian								MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian								MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian								MN 4						15.98
										MN 3						16.9
										MN 2						20
		Aquitanian								MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian								MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3													33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3													37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2													41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1													56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian												72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Late Albian												100.5
				Middle Albian												106.2 *
				Early Albian												109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian												113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Early Aptian												119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian												139.8
				Middle Berriasian												140.6 *
				Early Berriasian												142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian											145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian											146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian												152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian												168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian												168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian												174.7
				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
				Griesbachian		251.4 *
				Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru	254.14
						Kalabagh	255 *
						Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
						Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
					Kralodvorian					Vormsi	449.6 *
					Berounian					Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse				456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
									Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											458.4
					Dobrotivian									458.5 *
					Dobrotivian					Lasnamagi				458.9 *
					Oretanian					Lasnamagi				459.7 *
										Aseri				460.4 *
									Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
								Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
										Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Klabava †						467.3
					Arenigian										468
										Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
				Latorp †										470.1 *
										Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Tremadocian					Hunneberg				477.7
										Varangu				481.3 *
										Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Pakerort				485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
																538.8