PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Silurian of England		Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3														33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3														37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1														56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Late Albian													100.5
				Middle Albian													106.2 *
				Early Albian													109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian													113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Early Aptian													119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian													139.8
				Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
				Early Berriasian													142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian													152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian													168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian													168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian													174.7
				Middle Toarcian													180.4 *
				Early Toarcian													182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4														201.4
		Norian		Sevatian													208.5
				Alaunian													213.2 *
				Lacian													216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian													227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian													233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
		Wuchiapingian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Ohesaare	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
									Ohesaare		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
									Kaugetuma		Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas						426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas				Rootsikula		Gleedonian	427.4
					Wych				Rootsikula	Woolhope		428.4 *
									Jaagarahu			429.2 *
											Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Jaani			433.4
									Adavere			434 *
												436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
					Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
									Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5									Kosovian	443.8
		Katian										Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian										Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4											453
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3													458.4
												Dobrotivian				458.5 *
												Oretanian				459.7 *
													Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2										Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian								468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Late Cambrian												485.4
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian												497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4													500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Early Cambrian												509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1													529
																	538.8