PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian Subages	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Salt Range
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3							37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Late Albian						100.5
				Middle Albian						106.2 *
				Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian						113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian						139.8
				Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
				Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian						174.7
				Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
				Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian		Sevatian						208.5
				Alaunian						213.2 *
				Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian						227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
				Griesbachian		251.4 *
				Griesbachian		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru	254.14
						Kalabagh	255 *
						Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
						Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4					Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian			410.8
					Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
										538.8