PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene			Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene			Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene	Yushean		Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian					Late Pliocene			Waipipian		3
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene			Waipipian		3.6
										Opoitian		3.7
								Baodean		Opoitian		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan	Pannonian	7.246
									Southland	Waiauan		11.04
								Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Middle Miocene				Sarmatian	11.63
											Badenian	12.8 *
										Lillburnian	Badenian	13.05
		Langhian						Shanwangian		Lillburnian		13.82
										Clifdenian		15.1
									Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene					15.98
								Xiejiaan				16.9
										Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Late Oligocene			Waitakian		23.03
										Duntroonian		25.2
										Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3				Late Eocene					33.9
									Arnold	Runangan		34.6
										Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene			Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Bortonian		41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
										Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian					Early Eocene			Heretaungan		47.8
										Mangaorapan		48.9
										Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Late Paleocene			Teurian		56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
										Mangaotanean		90.5
										Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						Arowhanan		93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
										Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Late Albian						Motuan		100.5
				Late Albian						Urutawan		103.3
				Middle Albian						Urutawan		106.2 *
				Middle Albian					Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian	113
				Late Aptian		117.5
				Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian		139.8
				Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
				Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian						174.7
				Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
				Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4							201.4
		Norian		Sevatian						208.5
				Alaunian						213.2 *
				Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian						Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian						Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9	Kuhfengian
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian					Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian					Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian					Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
												538.8