PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of China	Devonian of France	Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6														0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5														11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3														33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3														37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2														41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1														56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										Senonian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian													72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Late Albian										Gallic			100.5
				Middle Albian													106.2 *
				Early Albian													109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian													113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Early Aptian													119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian													139.8
				Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
				Early Berriasian													142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian													152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian													168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian													168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian													174.7
				Middle Toarcian													180.4 *
				Early Toarcian													182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4														201.4
		Norian		Sevatian													208.5
				Alaunian													213.2 *
				Lacian													216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian													227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian													233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	254.14
						Laoshanian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
						Laibinian		Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan		Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian		Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3				Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
								Filipovian	276.5 *
								Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Longlinian		Sarginian	285.4 *
								Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1			Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
								Uskalykian	294.8
								Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Late Pennsylvanian			298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				Couvinien				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2								393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				Cayugan				419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran				422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan				Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5										443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5										445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Datsonian	485.4
														Payntonian	486.8 *
														Payntonian	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Iverian	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Iverian	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Idamean	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4										Marjumian	Albertian †	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian													Boomerangian	499
		Drumian		Undillan											500.5
		Drumian		Floran											503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan									Templetonian		504.5
				Delamaran									Templetonian		506.5
													Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											Ordian	Waucoban †	509
															510.8 *
				Dyeran											511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran											514
				Montezuman											514.8 *
				Begadean											519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1												529
																	538.8