PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Mesozoic Subages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6												0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5												11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3												33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3												37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1												56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4	Late Albian											100.5
				Middle Albian											106.2 *
				Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Late Aptian											113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3	Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian											139.8
				Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
				Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian											168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian											168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian											174.7
				Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
				Early Toarcian											182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4												201.4
		Norian		Sevatian											208.5
				Alaunian											213.2 *
				Lacian											216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Tuvalian											227
		Carnian	Triassic 3	Julian											233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian		Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Severodvinian		Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
								Filipovian		276.5 *
								Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian	283.5
								Irginian		285.9 *
								Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1				Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula					427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu					429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani					431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		Jaani					433.4
		Telychian			Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere					438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula					440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg									473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Hunneberg									477.7
				Varangu									481.3 *
				Pakerort									482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Pakerort							485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
															538.8