PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian Subages	Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4								Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3								Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2								Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1								Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						Late Albian				100.5
									Middle Albian				106.2 *
									Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						Late Aptian				113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2						Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian				139.8
									Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
									Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5						Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras					Late Bajocian				168.2
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					Late Bajocian				168.4
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					Late Toarcian				174.7
				Planulata									179.3 *
						Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
									Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Kanense									181.3 *
				Carlottense									182.3 *
				Carlottense					Early Toarcian				182.9 *
				Kunae					Early Toarcian				183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Kunae					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
				Freboldi									185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian					Sevatian	208.5
							Alaunian	213.2 *
							Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Tuvalian	227
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				Longobardian	237
		Ladinian					Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian	242
							Pelsonian	243.8 *
							Bithynian	244.7 *
							Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian	251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4					Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2					Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian							Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			440.8				Raikkula
		Rhuddanian			Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Cincinnatian	Gamachian			443.8
		Katian				Gamachian			445.2
						Richmondian			446 *
						Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian				450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			Chatfieldian				453
						Turinian				453.7 *
					Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tulean						477.7
						Stairsian						480.3 *
						Skullrockian	Demingian †				482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10									487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
													538.8