PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6							Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene	Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean							Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean							Early Pliocene	Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian								Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						Middle Miocene	Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene					15.98
										Hemingfordian				16.3
										Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						Late Oligocene					23.03
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene					27.82
										Whitneyan				29.5
										Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						Late Eocene	Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian							Late Eocene	Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene	Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene	Bridgerian				47.8
										Wasatchian				50.5
										Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1						Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian							Late Paleocene	Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian							Early Paleocene	Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian							Early Paleocene	Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Epizigzagiceras								168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3	Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
							Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
								180.1
						Kanense		181.3 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Kanense		182
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis			190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras				196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian									Leine	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2									273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5									298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5									303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4									307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3									323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2									330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian							Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2						Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1						Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
														538.8