PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean		Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	Tarantian					0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean	Ionian					0.129
					Irvingtonian						0.21
								Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian									0.774
					Blancan						1.4
								Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian			3
		Zanclean						Waipipian			3.6
								Opoitian			3.7
					Hemphillian			Opoitian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
					Clarendonian						9.4
							Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								11.63
					Barstovian						12.5
								Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian			13.82
								Clifdenian			15.1
							Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian									15.98
					Hemingfordian						16.3
					Arikareean						18.5
								Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Waitakian			23.03
								Duntroonian			25.2
								Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
					Whitneyan						29.5
					Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Chadronian						33.9
							Arnold	Runangan			34.6
								Kaiatan			36.7
					Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian									37.71
								Bortonian			39.1
					Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2								41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
								Heretaungan			45.7
					Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian									47.8
								Mangaorapan			48.9
					Wasatchian			Mangaorapan			50.5
					Wasatchian			Waipawan			52
					Clarkforkian			Waipawan			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Clarkforkian			Teurian			56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian			Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan	93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
						Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4						Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3						Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		Bolindian		443.8
		Katian			Bolindian		445.2
					Eastonian		449 *
					Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian			Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian	470
					Bendigonian	471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Early Cambrian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
											538.8