PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of England		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian				Middle Pleistocene			0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian				Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian				Late Pliocene			2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian				Late Pliocene			3
		Zanclean								Waipipian				Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian				Early Pliocene			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean				Late Miocene			5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5							Waiauan				Middle Miocene			11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian							13.82
										Clifdenian							15.1
									Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian				Early Miocene			15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				Waitakian				Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
										Duntroonian							25.2
										Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan									Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
									Arnold	Runangan							34.6
										Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					Kaiatan				Middle Eocene	MP 16		37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian					MP 16		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Bortonian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
										Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian				Bumbanian				Heretaungan				Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
										Mangaorapan							48.9
										Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Gashatan					Teurian				Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian					Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan						Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6							Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
										Mangaotanean							90.5
										Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5							Arowhanan							93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
										Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4							Motuan							100.5
										Urutawan							103.3
									Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3							Korangan							113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3														117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2														121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2														125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1														132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian						Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian							Humphresianum		168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian									Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian									Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3								Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian									Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian									Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian									Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1								Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5								Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4									307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3									323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2									330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Kosovian				443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian				Berounian						449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				453
							Zahorany †/Vinice					Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3										458.4
						Dobrotivian							458.5 *
						Oretanian							459.7 *
							Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Klabava †						467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
																	538.8