PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran						Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
												Irvingtonian			0.21
						Castlecliffian									0.34
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene				0.774
												Blancan			1.4
						Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian					Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian					Late Pliocene				3
		Zanclean				Waipipian					Early Pliocene				3.6
						Opoitian									3.7
						Opoitian						Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean					Late Miocene				5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian													7.246
												Clarendonian			9.4
					Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5								Middle Miocene				11.63
												Barstovian			12.5
						Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian									13.82
						Clifdenian									15.1
					Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene				15.98
												Hemingfordian			16.3
												Arikareean			18.5
						Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian					Late Oligocene				23.03
						Duntroonian									25.2
						Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian									Early Oligocene				27.82
												Whitneyan			29.5
												Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3								Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
					Arnold	Runangan									34.6
						Kaiatan									36.7
												Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene				37.71
						Bortonian									39.1
												Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2												41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
						Heretaungan									45.7
												Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene				47.8
						Mangaorapan									48.9
						Mangaorapan						Wasatchian			50.5
						Waipawan						Wasatchian			52
						Waipawan						Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian					Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian									Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian									Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian									Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
						Mangaotanean			90.5
						Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan			93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
						Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan			100.5
						Urutawan			103.3
					Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
									Planulata	179.3 *
									Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
									Kanense		181.3 *
									Carlottense		182.3 *
									Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2						Kunae		184.2
									Freboldi		185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1									192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4									208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4									Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian										Leine	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2										273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5										Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian											Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian												305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4											307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4				497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
															538.8