PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America			North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene										2.58
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene										3.6
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene							Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Middle Miocene							Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene										15.98
												Hemingfordian			16.3
												Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene										23.03
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene										27.82
												Whitneyan			29.5
												Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene							Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian			Late Eocene							Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene							Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2									Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene							Bridgerian			47.8
												Wasatchian			50.5
												Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene							Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian			Late Paleocene							Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene							Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene							Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian			Early Paleocene							Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian			Early Paleocene							Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian											66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan											72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6												83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4												100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3												113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2												121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2												125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1												132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6												145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5												149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4												165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1						192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4						Buntsandstein	251.902
		Wuchiapingian								254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Severodvinian		Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian							Urzhumian		Leine		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3						Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian	Permian 3						Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
										Filipovian			276.5 *
										Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
										Irginian			285.9 *
										Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Permian 1						Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
										Uskalykian			294.8
										Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5										Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian											Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian												305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4											307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou							Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian								Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang										449.5
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo									458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †							Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	Yiyangian										470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian										477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Xinchangian								Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5											485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1			529
															538.8