PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian of England		Cambrian of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																		0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian											Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian											Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4										Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4										Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3										Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3										Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2										Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1										Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian																	66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan																	72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																		83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																		100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																		113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																		121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																		125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																		132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																		149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4																		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4																		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																			259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3																		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2																		273.01
		Artinskian																			283.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5																		298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1				433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	Kosovian			Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		Gamachian	Pirgu	445.2
										Richmondian	Pirgu	446 *
											Vormsi	449.6 *
				Berounian								449.7 *
										Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Maysvillian	Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
										Edenian	Nabala			450.4 *
							Viru			Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
											Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4								Keila		Idavere †	453
										Turinian	Keila			453.7 *
											Haljala			453.9
											Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse					456.4 *
									Whiterockian		Kukruse	Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku		Aluoja †				457.5 *
								Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3														458.4
				Dobrotivian													458.5 *
				Dobrotivian							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Oretanian							Lasnamagi						459.7 *
											Aseri						460.4 *
								Sarka †			Aseri						461.7 *
							Oeland				Kunda						462.9 *
											Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
											Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2					Klabava †										467.3
				Arenigian														468
										Rangerian								469.1 *
										Rangerian	Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
													Latorp †						470.1 *
											Hunneberg								473.7 *
										Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadocian						Tulean									477.7
										Stairsian									480.3 *
										Stairsian	Varangu								481.3 *
										Skullrockian	Varangu							Demingian †	482 *
											Pakerort							Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Pakerort	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			Datsonian				485.4
																				486.3 *
																				486.5
																Payntonian				486.8 *
																Payntonian				487.5
		Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian				Iverian				489.5
		Paibian										Paibian				Idamean				494
		Paibian										Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Idamean				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			Mindyallan				497
		Guzhangian										Guzhangian				Boomerangian				499
		Drumian										Drumian				Undillan				500.5
		Drumian										Drumian				Floran				503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3									Wuliuan/Taijangian				Templetonian				504.5
		Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian				Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian				Ordian				509
		Stage 4										Duyunian								510.8 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2									Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2									Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1									Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Jinnigian						530.7
																					538.8