PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian Subages	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Britain		Central Paratethys Stages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5															Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian																Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian															66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6																145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5																149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3																174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2																184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4																201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4																208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2																273.01
		Artinskian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1												Bursumian †				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian			Virgilian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
					Missourian	Dalaun	305.8 *
					Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian			Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan		315.2
					Morrowan		318.4 *
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Dewunian	Chesterian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Shangsian		330.9
					Jiusian		335 *
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			Late Famennian		358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4			Late Frasnian		372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			Late Givetian		382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Harju		Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
								Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
								Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
						Viru		Rakvere				450.6 *
								Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4					Keila			Idavere †	453
								Haljala				453.9
								Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Kukruse						456.4 *
								Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
										Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3											458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
								Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
								Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
								Aseri						460.4 *
								Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
						Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
								Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							Klabava †					467.3
									Arenigian						468
								Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian													470
											Latorp †				470.1 *
								Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
								Varangu							481.3 *
								Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5					Pakerort							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian														Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian														Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4												St Davids		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
																			538.8