PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ordovician of China			Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6																0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5																11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3																33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3																37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2																41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1																56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian															66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan															72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6																83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4																100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3																113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2																121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2																125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1																132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan											150
								Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4																165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4																168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1																192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian						Warepan											208.5
								Otamitan											217
								Oretian											221
		Carnian	Triassic 3					Oretian											227
		Carnian	Triassic 3				Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian						Etalian											238
		Anisian						Etalian											242
		Anisian						Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian											249
		Induan			251.2			Nelsonian
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian					Flettian	264.28
		Wordian					Barettian	266
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Autunian		Mangapirian	283.5
							Telfordian	285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle					Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle					Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale					Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	Gleedonian	427.4
				Wych					Woolhope	Gleedonian	428.4 *
										Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Telychian									436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian									Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
											Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Kralodvorian		449.5
														Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4													453
																Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
															Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
														Dobrotivian				458.5 *
														Oretanian				459.7 *
															Sarka †			461.7 *
												Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2								Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian									Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Yiyangian			Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Xinchangian			Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1								Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5															485.4
		Jiangshanian																489.5
		Paibian																494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4															497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4															500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3															504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3															509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2															514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1															529
																			538.8