PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4					Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3					Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2					Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Late Albian						100.5
						Middle Albian						106.2 *
						Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Late Aptian						113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2			Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian						139.8
						Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
						Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian						174.7
						Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
						Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian				Sevatian						208.5
						Alaunian						213.2 *
						Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Tuvalian						227
		Carnian	Triassic 3			Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2	Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian		Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
							Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian		450.4 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4				Chatfieldian		453
							Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
		Dapingian					Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1				Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5				Skullrockian				485.4
		Stage 10									487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
												538.8