PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian		3
		Zanclean					Waipipian		3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5				Waiauan		11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian		13.82
							Clifdenian		15.1
						Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian		15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4				Waitakian		23.03
							Duntroonian		25.2
							Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						33.9
						Arnold	Runangan		34.6
							Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Bortonian		41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
							Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan		47.8
							Mangaorapan		48.9
							Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1				Teurian		56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian		Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan			Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6				Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5				Arowhanan		93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4				Motuan		100.5
							Urutawan		103.3
						Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Late Cambrian				485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
									538.8