PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5											11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2											41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2				Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Gashatan								56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian										66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan										72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6											145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5											149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3											174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2											184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4											201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4											208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian									264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		Kuhfengian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		Luodianian									273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian									283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian									285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
								Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
								Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	Lockportian			427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Lockportian		Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	Ontarian			433.4
		Telychian							436.3 *
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
				Medinan				Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
										Payntonian		486.8 *
										Payntonian		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Iverian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Iverian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Idamean		Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4							Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								Boomerangian			499
		Drumian								Undillan			500.5
		Drumian								Floran			503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3							Templetonian	Topazan		504.5
										Templetonian	Delamaran		506.5
										Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								Ordian		Waucoban †	509
													510.8 *
											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2								Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1										529
														538.8