PBDB Timescale

Ten Million Year Bins

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 56 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 1 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6						Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan		MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian		MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene		Mangapanian		MN 16	2.58
										Waipipian		MN 16	3
												MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene					3.6
										Opoitian			3.7
												MN 14	4.2
												MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian										MN 12	7.246
												MN 11	7.75
												MN 10	8.7
												MN 9	9.7
									Southland	Waiauan		MN 9	11.04
												MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5					Middle Miocene				MN 7 + 8	11.63
												MN 6	12.8 *
										Lillburnian		MN 6	13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian		MN 5	13.82
										Clifdenian			15.1
									Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene				MN 4	15.98
												MN 3	16.9
										Otaian		MN 3	18.7
												MN 2	20
		Aquitanian											20.44
									Landon	Waitakian			21.7
												MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					Late Oligocene					23.03
										Duntroonian			25.2
										Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene					33.9
									Arnold	Runangan			34.6
										Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene		Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							Bortonian			41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
										Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian						Early Eocene		Heretaungan			47.8
										Mangaorapan			48.9
										Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					Late Paleocene		Teurian			56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian					Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan						Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6							Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
										Mangaotanean			90.5
										Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		93.9					Arowhanan
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan	113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras		168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
							Planulata		179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
							Kanense			181.3 *
							Carlottense			182.3 *
							Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				Kunae			184.2
							Freboldi			185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1								192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2								273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5								298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5								303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4								307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3								323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Southwoodian				Cazenovian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
													538.8