PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					2.58
		Zanclean						3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian		9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian		11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian		12.5
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
						Hemingfordian		16.3
						Arikareean		18.5
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
		Rupelian						27.82
						Whitneyan		29.5
						Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian		47.8
						Wasatchian		50.5
						Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian				Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian		393.3
		Pragian			Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		504.5
								509