PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Australia			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Yushean							2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean							3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian				Tunggurian							11.63
		Langhian				Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian							15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan							16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			33.9
		Bartonian								MP 16			37.71
		Lutetian								MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
		Ypresian								MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								MP 6	MP 1 - 5		56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †								Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										Midian	259.51
		Wordian										Midian	264.28
		Wordian										Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian										Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian										Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian										Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian										Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
		Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian					470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian					477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian						485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian						486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian						489.5
		Paibian	Idamean						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †						Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian							Boomerangian	499
		Drumian							Undillan	500.5
		Drumian							Floran	503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Ordian	509
													510.8 *