PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cambrian of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian										0.0117
				Chibanian				Ionian										0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Dorashamian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †								Dzhulfian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Midian				259.51
				Wordian										Midian				264.28
				Wordian										Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian										Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kubergandian				273.01
				Kungurian										Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian										Bolorian				283.5
				Artinskian										Yakhtashian				286
				Sakmarian										Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian										Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
			Pragian	Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare				419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian			443.8
			Katian		Bolindian			445.2
					Eastonian			449 *
					Gisbornian			452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian			458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian			467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian			468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian			470
					Bendigonian			471.8 *
					Lancefieldian			473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10						Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian						Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian							Paibian		494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai		Duyunian		509
	Stage 3	Series 2	Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian								530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †		Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran											Vendian †		Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan		1375
																		1400