PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene									0.129
				Calabrian					Early Pleistocene									0.774
				Gelasian					Early Pleistocene									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Late Pliocene				Villanyian					2.58
				Piacenzian					Late Pliocene				Ruscinian					3.1 *
				Zanclean					Early Pliocene				Ruscinian					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene				Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian									Turolian					7.246
				Tortonian									Vallesian					8.7
				Serravallian					Middle Miocene				Astaracian					11.63
				Langhian					Middle Miocene				Astaracian					13.82
				Burdigalian					Early Miocene				Orleanian					15.98
				Burdigalian									Agenian					20
				Aquitanian									Agenian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene									33.9
				Bartonian					Middle Eocene									37.71
				Lutetian					Middle Eocene									41.2
				Ypresian					Early Eocene									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene									56
				Selandian					Middle Paleocene									59.2
				Danian					Early Paleocene									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
				Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †												254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †								Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian											Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian										Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
				Roadian										Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
															Filipovian			276.5 *
															Saraninian			280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian			Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian			Shikhanian	Bursumian †		293.52
							Uskalykian			294.8
							Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian					Missourian		303.7
			Kasimovian					Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian					Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian					Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian					Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian					Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian		323.2
			Visean					Chesterian		330.9
								Meramecian		335.8 *
								Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian					Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
								Middle Famennian				365.3 *
								Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian			Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian			Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian			Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			Cayugan						419.2
		Pridoli			Niagaran						422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan						Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
			Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Dapingian	Middle Ordovician	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Middle Cambrian							497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan			1375
																		1400