PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan												145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan												150
									Heterian												154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan												164.3
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan												176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan												184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran												188.9
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
				Norian					Warepan												208.5
									Otamitan												217
									Oretian												221
				Carnian					Oretian												227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan												227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan												237
				Ladinian					Etalian												238
				Anisian					Etalian												242
				Anisian					Malakovian												246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian												247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian												249
				Induan					Nelsonian												251.2
				Induan				DUrville	Makarewan												251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan								Dorashamian				251.902
				Changhsingian					Waiitian								Dorashamian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †			Waiitian								Dzhulfian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †			Puruhauan								Dzhulfian				254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian					Capitanian			Midian				259.51
Wordian				Wordian			264.28		Flettian
							Barettian		266
									Murgabian	266.2 *
Roadian				Roadian					Murgabian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian					Cathedralian	Kubergandian	273.01
							Mangapirian			Kubergandian	276
										Bolorian	279.8
									Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian								283.5
							Telfordian				285
										Yakhtashian	286
				Wolfcampian					Lenoxian		286.1 *
											288.5
			Sakmarian							Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian						Nealian	Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian								Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian						305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian						307
			Moscovian		Atokan						312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan						315.2
			Bashkirian		Morrowan						318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian						323.2
			Visean		Chesterian						330.9
					Meramecian						335.8 *
					Osagean						343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean						346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian						351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
			Pragian								Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian	443.8
			Katian									Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian									Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian											453
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
												Dobrotivian				458.5 *
												Oretanian				459.7 *
													Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian										Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian									Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian									Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
			Jiangshanian													489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †													497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian																	Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																	Karatau	1000
		Stenian																	Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																	Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian																	Burzyan	1375
																					1400