PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic			Permian of Western Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean										Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean										Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian										Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian										Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian										Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian										Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian										Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian										Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan						150
							Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian					Warepan						208.5
							Otamitan						217
							Oretian						221
		Carnian					Oretian						227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian					Etalian						238
		Anisian					Etalian						242
		Anisian					Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian						249
		Induan		251.2			Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian		264.28
		Wordian				Barettian		266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare					419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma					421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare					423
		Ludfordian	Paadla					423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula					427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu					429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani					431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani					433.4
		Telychian	Adavere					434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere					438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula					440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju					Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
			Viru					Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
			Oeland					Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
								Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg			477.7
								Varangu			481.3 *
								Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Pakerort	485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †		497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
													509