PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America					Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian										Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian										Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian										Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian										Middle Miocene	11.63
				Langhian										Middle Miocene	13.82
				Burdigalian										Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian										Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian										Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian										Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian										Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian	445.2
							Richmondian	446 *
					Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian			450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
			Sandbian		Chatfieldian			453
					Turinian			453.7 *
				Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
			Dapingian						467.3
			Dapingian		Rangerian				469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian		Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian		Tulean					477.7
					Stairsian					480.3 *
					Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian					485.4
			Stage 10							487.5
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
		Calymmian											1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian											1600
		Orosirian											1800
		Rhyacian											2050
		Siderian											2300
Archean	Neoarchean												2500
	Mesoarchean												2800
	Paleoarchean												3200
	Eoarchean												3600
Hadean													4000
															4600