PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †			Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †						254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †			Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian		264.28
		Wordian						Urzhumian	Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
								Filipovian		276.5 *
								Filipovian	Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
								Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian			285.9 *
					Irginian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
					Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian		Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian	303.7
								Khamovnikian	304.8
								Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian						Myachkovian	307
								Podolskian	308.9 *
								Kashirian	311.4 *
								Vereian	313.8
								Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian	315.2
								Cheremshanian	316.9 *
								Prikamian	318.6 *
								Severokeltmian	319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
			Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian			323.2
			Protvian			324.4 *
			Steshevian			326.8 *
			Tarusian			329 *
		Visean	Venevian			330.9
			Mikhailovian			331.9 *
			Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Tulian			335.8 *
			Bobrikian			339.9 *
			Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian			346.7
			Kizelian			350.7 *
			Cherepetian			351.9 *
			Karakubian			354.4 *
			Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian			357.6 *
			Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		358.9
						Middle Famennian		365.3 *
						Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian		372.2
						Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
						Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian		382.7
						Middle Givetian		383.7 *
						Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
		Telychian				Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
										509