PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of Siberia		Devonian Subages			Permian Subages of Germany	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian															11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian												Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan				56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
				Induan															251.2
				Induan														Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Buntsandstein					Kathwai	251.902
																			252.4 *
																		Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †												Chhidru	254.14
																		Kalabagh	255 *
																		Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian									Leine						264.28
																			265.3 *
																		Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian														Amb	266.9
				Roadian															270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian													Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian			298.9
			Kasimovian	Missourian			303.7
			Kasimovian	Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian	Desmoinesian			307
			Moscovian	Atokan			312.7 *
			Bashkirian	Atokan			315.2
			Bashkirian	Morrowan			318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			323.2
			Visean	Chesterian			330.9
				Meramecian			335.8 *
				Osagean			343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean			346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian			351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian				358.9
				Middle Famennian				365.3 *
				Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian				372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian		Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani			433.4
			Telychian		Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju			Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
	Nabala							Johvi †	450 *
	Viru				Rakvere				450.6 *
					Oandu				452 *
			Sandbian		Keila			Idavere †	453
					Haljala				453.9
					Kukruse				456.4 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku			458.4
					Lasnamagi			458.9 *
					Aseri			460.4 *
	Oeland				Kunda			462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian		Volkhov				467.3
			Dapingian		Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
						Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Hunneberg				477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
									Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
			Jiangshanian								489.5
						Aksaian					490.7 *
						Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian								494
			Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian				497
			Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian				Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				Amgan/Solvan	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								Amgan/Solvan	509
									Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3						Botomian			514
			Stage 3						Atdabanian			515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian			521
			Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
			Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian											720
			Tonian										Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian	1000									Karatau
			Stenian	Yurmatian									1100
			Ectasian	Yurmatian									1200
			Ectasian	Burzyan									1375
																			1400