PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cambrian of China		Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Chibanian									Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene			0.34
				Calabrian									Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Mangapanian	Late Pliocene			2.58
				Piacenzian									Waipipian	Late Pliocene			3
				Zanclean									Waipipian	Early Pliocene			3.6
				Zanclean									Opoitian	Early Pliocene			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene			5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian									Tongaporutuan				7.246
				Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan				11.04
				Serravallian									Waiauan	Middle Miocene			11.63
				Serravallian									Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian				13.82
													Clifdenian				15.1
												Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian									Altonian	Early Miocene			15.98
				Burdigalian									Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian									Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian	Late Oligocene			23.03
													Duntroonian				25.2
													Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian										Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene			33.9
												Arnold	Runangan				34.6
													Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian									Kaiatan	Middle Eocene			37.71
				Bartonian									Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian									Bortonian				41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
													Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian									Heretaungan	Early Eocene			47.8
													Mangaorapan				48.9
													Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian	Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian				66
				Campanian									Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian									Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
													Mangaotanean				90.5
													Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian									Arowhanan				93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
													Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan				100.5
													Urutawan				103.3
												Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian									Korangan				113
				Aptian													117.5
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
			Tremadocian		477.7
			Tremadocian		Mansian †			483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10	Sunwaptan	Niuchehean								487.5
			Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian								489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
				Steptoean									493 *
			Paibian		Paibian								494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
								Waergangian †/Youshuanian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Topazan		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Delamaran					506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian				Waucoban †				509
											Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
									Dyeran		Toyonian			511 *
											Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3			Nangaoian								514
Montezuman									514.8 *
Montezuman									Atdabanian			515.6 *
Begadean									Atdabanian			519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian			Tommotian			521
			Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
			Fortunian								Manykaian †	529
			Fortunian			Jinnigian					Manykaian †	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																	1400