PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America					Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of the Baltic
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †							Zechstein								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes								259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
		Roadian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Artinskian									Autunian								283.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian																	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
		Kasimovian											Late Pennsylvanian						303.7
		Moscovian											Middle Pennsylvanian						307
		Bashkirian											Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											Late Mississippian						323.2
		Visean											Middle Mississippian						330.9
		Tournaisian											Early Mississippian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	438.5		Adavere
		Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian			Gamachian	Chientangkiangian				Pirgu		445.2
					Richmondian	Chientangkiangian						446 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
										Vormsi		449.6 *
					Maysvillian					Vormsi		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
					Maysvillian					Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
					Edenian					Nabala					450.4 *
					Edenian				Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
			Mohawkian		Chatfieldian					Rakvere					451.1 *
										Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian								Keila				Idavere †	453
					Turinian					Keila					453.7 *
										Haljala					453.9
										Kukruse					456.4 *
			Whiterockian							Kukruse		Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku						458.4
										Lasnamagi						458.9 *
										Aseri						460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
														Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo								466.3 *
										Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian											467.3
					Rangerian												469.1 *
					Rangerian					Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian		Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †									Cassinian †		Yiyangian	470
				Latorp †												470.1 *
										Hunneberg						473.7 *
					Tulean											473.9 *
		Tremadocian														Ungurian	Xinchangian	477.7
								Lianghekou †										477.9 *
					Stairsian													480.3 *
					Stairsian					Varangu								481.3 *
					Skullrockian					Varangu	Demingian †				482 *
										Pakerort	Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian		Pakerort							485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †					Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian															499.5
		Drumian											Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian											Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan											Tuesaian				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4																509
													Toyonian					510 *
													Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3											Botomian					514
		Stage 3											Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Tommotian					521
																			525.5