PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian							Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan								56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
				Induan														251.2
				Induan													Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Kathwai	251.902
																		252.4 *
																	Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †											Chhidru	254.14
																	Kalabagh	255 *
																	Wargal	256 *
															Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian												Urzhumian		264.28
																		265.3 *
																	Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian											Kazanian	Povolzhian	Amb	266.9
				Roadian											Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
																Filipovian		276.5 *
																Saraninian		280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian			Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian			Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
			Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian			300 *
			Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian			303.7
			Kasimovian						Dalaun			305.8 *
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian								307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian								315.2
									Huashibanian		318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian					Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Shangsian				330.8 *
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Shangsian				330.9
			Visean	Middle Mississippian	Jiusian				335 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian				443.8
			Katian						Bolindian				445.2
									Eastonian				449 *
									Gisbornian				452 *
			Sandbian						Gisbornian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian				458.4
			Dapingian						Yapeenian				467.3
			Dapingian						Castlemainian				468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian						470
			Bendigonian						471.8 *
			Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian						Ungurian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian						Ungurian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian				485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian				489.5
						Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan							Tuesaian				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
									Toyonian					510 *
									Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian					514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian					521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635