PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian															11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †													254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian									Wordian						264.28
				Roadian									Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
				Kungurian										Hessian					281.9 *
				Artinskian										Hessian					283.5
				Artinskian									Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
				Sakmarian										Lenoxian					290.1
				Asselian										Nealian				Bursumian †	293.52
				Asselian										Nealian	Kuzel			Bursumian †	297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Kuzel			Virgilian	298.9
															Stephanian	Stephanian C			300.3 *
																Stephanian B			300.9 *
																Stephanian A			301.4 *
				Kasimovian												Stephanian A		Missourian	303.7
Cantabrian							305 *											Missourian
							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian				307
Westphalian								Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
							Atokan	Westphalian C	312.7 *
								Westphalian B	314.6
				Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Morrowan	Westphalian A	318.4 *
Namurian								Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian			327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †			330.9
				Warnantian	Brigantian †		Meramecian	335.8 *
				Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Osagean	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian			Osagean	346.7
				Ivorian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Hastarian			Kinderhookian	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
									Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †			450 *
										Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
	Gisbornian								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
						Haljala			453.9
						Kukruse			456.4 *
						Uhaku			Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Uhaku					458.4
						Lasnamagi					458.9 *
						Aseri					460.4 *
						Oeland				Kunda	462.9 *
									Valaste †/Hunderum	Kunda	464.3 *
										Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian									467.3
			Castlemainian									468.5 *
			Castlemainian							Billingen		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian									470
			Chewtonian						Latorp †			470.1 *
			Bendigonian									471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
										Hunneberg		473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg		477.7
										Varangu		481.3 *
										Pakerort		482.2 *
			Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian											1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian											1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan											1375
																			1400