PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of China	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian												Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean												Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian												Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian												Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian												Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian												Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian												Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian												Agenian	20
				Aquitanian												Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan				150
													Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian									Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian									Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian									Warepan				208.5
													Otamitan				217
													Oretian				221
				Carnian									Oretian				227
				Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan				237
				Ladinian									Etalian				238
				Anisian									Etalian				242
				Anisian									Malakovian				246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian				247.2
				Olenekian									Nelsonian				249
				Induan									Nelsonian				251.2
				Induan								DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Makarewan		Meishanian		251.902
													Waiitian		Meishanian		253.2
Baoqingian						253.4 *
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Laoshanian	254.14
						Laoshanian	Puruhauan	254.2
						Laibinian	Puruhauan	257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian				Flettian	Kuhfengian	264.28
			Wordian				Barettian		266
			Roadian						266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian					Luodianian	273.01
			Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian				Mangapirian		283.5
							Telfordian		285
							Telfordian	Longlinian	285.4 *
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian					Zisongian	293.52
			Asselian						Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †	298.9
											300.1
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
					Stephanian B						300.9 *
					Stephanian A						301.4 *
			Kasimovian		Stephanian A						303.7
					Cantabrian						305 *
											305.9
			Moscovian								307
					Westphalian				Westphalian D		307.4 *
									Westphalian C		309.8
									Westphalian B		314.6
			Bashkirian						Westphalian B		315.2
									Westphalian A		317 *
					Namurian				Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian		320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
									Alportian		322 *
									Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chokierian		323.2
									Arnsbergian		324 *
									Pendleian		327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian				Brigantian †		330.9
					Livian				Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian						346.7
			Tournaisian		Hastarian						353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian		Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	443.8
			Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
	Sandbian		453
			Zahorany †/Vinice										Letna †	456.2 *
			Liben †											458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
											Dobrotivian			458.5 *
											Oretanian			459.7 *
			Sarka †										461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †										467.3
		Dapingian									Arenigian		468
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Arenigian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan				1375
																	1400