PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Britain		Carboniferous of North America	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			0.0117
		Chibanian																			0.129
		Chibanian												Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian												Waipipian							3
		Zanclean												Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean												Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian												Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian											Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian												Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian												Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian												Lillburnian							13.82
														Clifdenian							15.1
													Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian												Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian												Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian												Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
														Duntroonian							25.2
														Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian																	Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
													Arnold	Runangan							34.6
														Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian												Bortonian							41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
														Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian												Heretaungan						Bumbanian	47.8
														Mangaorapan							48.9
														Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian					Gashatan		56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian												Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian												Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
														Mangaotanean							90.5
														Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian												Arowhanan							93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
														Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan							100.5
														Urutawan							103.3
													Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian												Korangan							113
		Aptian																			117.5
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
		Visean				Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian	Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
							Kralodvorian			Vormsi	449.6 *
							Berounian			Vormsi	449.7 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
				Zahorany †/Vinice						Haljala		Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse			456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
				Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
							Dobrotivian						458.5 *
							Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi			458.9 *
							Oretanian			Lasnamagi			459.7 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
				Sarka †						Aseri			461.7 *
								Oeland		Kunda			462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
										Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †										467.3
							Arenigian							468
										Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
											Latorp †			470.1 *
										Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian						Hunneberg				477.7
					Varangu					481.3 *
					Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																Sunwaptan	487.5
											Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian															489.5
																Steptoean	493 *
											Maentwrogian						493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	St Davids					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian														Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Caerfai	Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4																Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3																Dyeran	514
																		Montezuman	514.8 *
																		Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
																					538.8