PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Britain		Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian										Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian										Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian										Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian										Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian										Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										Late Albian		100.5
														Middle Albian		106.2 *
														Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian										Late Aptian		113
				Aptian										Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian										Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian										Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian										Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian										Late Berriasian		139.8
														Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
														Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian										Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian										Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Kimmeridgian										Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Oxfordian										Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian											Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian										Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian										Late Bajocian		168.2
				Bajocian										Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian										Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Late Toarcian		174.7
														Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
														Early Toarcian		182.9 *
				Pliensbachian										Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
				Sinemurian										Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
				Hettangian										Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian										Sevatian		208.5
														Alaunian		213.2 *
														Lacian		216.7 *
				Carnian										Tuvalian		227
				Carnian										Julian		233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian		237
			Ladinian	Fassanian		239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian		247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian		251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian		251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
			Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian		303.7			Stephanian A
			Kasimovian		Cantabrian			305 *
			Moscovian		Cantabrian			307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian			346.7
			Tournaisian		Hastarian			353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian				358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian				372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian				382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian				387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian				390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian				393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian				398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian				410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
Raikkula			Aeronian	439.4 *
Raikkula			Rhuddanian	440.8
Juuru			Rhuddanian	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni					443.8
		Katian		Pirgu					445.2
				Vormsi					449.6 *
				Nabala					Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere						450.6 *
				Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian		Keila					Idavere †	453
				Haljala						453.9
				Kukruse						456.4 *
				Uhaku					Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku						458.4
				Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
				Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
				Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov							467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg							477.7
				Varangu							481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
												Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian					494					Maentwrogian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				St Davids		497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												1000
		Ectasian												1200
		Calymmian												1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian												1600
		Orosirian												1800
		Rhyacian												2050
		Siderian												2300
Archean	Neoarchean													2500
	Mesoarchean				2800
	Paleoarchean				3200
	Eoarchean				3600
Hadean					4000
																4600