PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of England		European Faunal Units	Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Villanyian									2.58
		Piacenzian						Ruscinian									3.1 *
		Zanclean						Ruscinian									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Turolian									5.333
		Tortonian						Turolian									7.246
		Tortonian						Vallesian									8.7
		Serravallian						Astaracian									11.63
		Langhian						Astaracian									13.82
		Burdigalian						Orleanian									15.98
		Burdigalian						Agenian									20
		Aquitanian						Agenian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Buntsandstein								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †					Buntsandstein								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Ohre/Aller			Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian							Leine			Wordian					264.28
		Roadian										Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
		Kungurian											Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian											Hessian				283.5
		Artinskian										Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian											Lenoxian				290.1
		Asselian											Nealian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton			421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas			426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas			427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope			428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian			443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
							Dobrotivian								458.5 *
							Oretanian								459.7 *
										Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †					467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian								468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Series 3 †	497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †												504.5
																	509