PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Chibanian												Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian												Waipipian				3
		Zanclean												Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean												Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian												Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian											Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian												Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian												Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian												Lillburnian				13.82
														Clifdenian				15.1
													Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian												Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian												Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian												Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian				23.03
														Duntroonian				25.2
														Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
													Arnold	Runangan				34.6
														Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian												Bortonian				41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
														Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian												Heretaungan				47.8
														Mangaorapan				48.9
														Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian				56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian												Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian												Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
														Mangaotanean				90.5
														Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian												Arowhanan				93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
														Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan				100.5
														Urutawan				103.3
													Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian												Korangan				113
		Aptian																117.5
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian				427.4
		Homerian	Whitwellian				429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Cautleyan			448.9 *
								Pusgillian			449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
								Streffordian	Berounian			449.7 *
								Cheneyan				451.5 *
								Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Aurelucian							456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								457.4 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
										Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †				467.3
									Arenigian					468
				Arenig			Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian							470
							Whitlandian							471.1 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc			Migneintian		Tremadocian					477.7
				Tremadoc			Cressagian							480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean					Taoyuanian †		485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							Paibian							494
		Paibian							Paibian					Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †				Guzhangian					Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian							Drumian					Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †					Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Duyunian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3												Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian												Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian												Jinnigian			530.7
																		538.8