PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian Ages of Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of China		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian																		11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
				Bartonian																		37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian																		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras													168.2
				Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense													168.4
				Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta													174.7
									Planulata													179.3 *
									Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi											179.8 *
									Kanense													181.3 *
									Carlottense													182.3 *
									Kunae													183.5 *
				Pliensbachian					Kunae													184.2
									Freboldi													185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras												186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras												189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis												190.3 *
				Sinemurian																		192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras											196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites													196.5 *
				Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															Melekhovian			251.902
				Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †																254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †														Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	Severodvinian	259.51
				Wordian																	Urzhumian	264.28
Noginskian				Wordian			264.9 *														Urzhumian
				Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
				Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
								Filipovian				276.5 *
Pavlovoposadian								Filipovian				276.8 *
								Saraninian				280.1 *
				Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
								Irginian				285.9 *
Rusavkinian								Irginian				287.6 *
								Burtsevian				287.8 *
				Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
				Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
				Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian				293.52
								Uskalykian				294.8
								Surenian				297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
				Khamovnikian	304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
			Visean	Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian				427.4
	Whitwellian		Homerian		429.7 *
	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Kosovian			443.8
		Katian			Bolindian	Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
					Eastonian	Kralodvorian				449 *
					Eastonian	Berounian				449.7 *
					Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian							458.4
						Dobrotivian						458.5 *
						Oretanian						459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian				Klabava †			467.3
					Yapeenian	Arenigian						468
					Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian							470
					Bendigonian		471.8 *
					Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian			Lancefieldian	Tremadocian		477.7
		Tremadocian			Warendian	Tremadocian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †				485.4
		Stage 10						Niuchehean					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Paibian						494
		Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			Marjumian	Albertian †				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †					Topazan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †					Delamaran	Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †				Delamaran	Duyunian		509
		Stage 4											Dyeran	Duyunian		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran	Nangaoian		514
													Montezuman			514.8 *
													Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian												Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian												Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan	1375
																						1400